A recent study published in Ecology Letters has unveiled the critical role that plant-associated microorganisms, particularly foliar endophytic fungi (FEF), play in the survival of seedlings in subtropical forests. Conducted by a team led by Prof. Liang Yu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this research integrates extensive data from seedlings of 103 woody species, functional traits, and long-term seedling dynamics from the Gutianshan forest plot.
The study’s authors utilized transcriptomic data to connect the molecular functions of FEF with essential ecological concepts such as species coexistence and host fitness. By examining the genetic material extracted from these fungi, researchers established a link between microbial actions and the survival rates of seedlings in their natural habitat.
Findings revealed that the diversity of FEF transcripts is influenced by both the phylogenetic divergence time of the host plants and their maximum tree height. The functions of these fungi significantly enhance seedling survival through processes related to fitness and ecological niches. Specifically, the research identified 118 Gene Ontology (GO) terms that are closely associated with seedling survival, indicating a complex interplay between the fungi and their plant hosts.
The analysis further highlighted a dual regulatory mechanism affecting seedling survival. GO terms that rely heavily on host phylogeny contribute to survival through fitness variations driven by interactions among multiple organisms. Conversely, those terms dependent on host traits promote survival through niche differentiation tied to fundamental life processes.
These insights underscore the importance of microbial symbionts in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Traditional ecological theories have typically emphasized plant–plant interactions, often overlooking the significant contributions of microorganisms. The study suggests that failing to consider these microbial roles in ecological restoration and conservation efforts could jeopardize long-term biodiversity outcomes.
The implications of this research extend beyond theoretical understanding, offering valuable guidance for forest biodiversity conservation and management practices. Recognizing the integral role of FEF and similar microorganisms could lead to more effective strategies to support biodiversity in subtropical forests.
For further details, refer to the study by Baocai Han et al., titled “Molecular Functional Diversity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi and Their Contributions to Seedling Survival in a Subtropical Forest,” published in Ecology Letters on January 5, 2026. The full study can be accessed via DOI: 10.1111/ele.70290.
