The University of Hawaii has officially begun initial science operations for its innovative robotic laser adaptive optics system, known as Robo-AO-2. This state-of-the-art technology, developed by the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA), significantly enhances astronomers’ ability to observe celestial objects by correcting the distortions caused by Earth’s atmosphere. The system, overseen by Christoph Baranec, aims to sharpen images of hundreds of astronomical objects each night while minimizing the need for human intervention.
Baranec, who has dedicated years to advancing adaptive optics technology at IfA, emphasized the importance of this achievement. “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation,” he stated. The launch reflects the University of Hawaii’s commitment to pioneering technologies that can eventually benefit larger telescopes and space missions globally.
Celestial Events to Observe in December
December promises to be an exciting month for stargazers in Hawaii, highlighted by the anticipated Geminids meteor shower. This renowned meteor shower is set to peak on the night of December 13 and into the early hours of December 14, allowing observers to witness up to 120 meteors per hour. Unlike most meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids are unique as they come from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon. The meteors will be visible across the sky, radiating from the constellation Gemini, with optimal viewing conditions expected after midnight in areas free of light pollution.
Additionally, the winter solstice on December 21 marks the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, signaling the gradual return of longer days.
As the nights grow longer in December, two notable Hawaiian star families capture the evening sky: Kalupeakawelo and Makali‘i. Kalupeakawelo, also known as the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently visible in the early evening sky, marking an important navigational reference for the Polynesian Voyaging Society. This star line, identified by the Great Square of Pegasus, serves as a reminder of the legendary Kauai chief Kawelo and his extraordinary skills in kite flying.
In contrast, the Makali‘i star cluster, known as the Pleiades, ascends higher in the eastern sky. This cluster of bright blue stars holds cultural significance in Hawaiian tradition, signifying the arrival of the Makahiki season, a time of peace and harvest. Stargazers can observe Makali‘i sparkling on the eastern horizon shortly after sunset, continuing its ascent throughout the night.
Notable Observations and Cultural Significance
In addition to these star families, the planets Saturn and Jupiter will shine brightly in the southern sky throughout December. While Saturn’s iconic rings will be viewable through telescopes, Jupiter, being closer and brighter, will be easily visible to the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars will have the opportunity to spot Jupiter’s four largest moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—first observed by Galileo Galilei in 1610.
Morning observations also offer unique opportunities. Early risers can witness the full constellation of Ka‘iwikuamo‘o, which will rise in the southeast about an hour before sunrise. This constellation is deeply rooted in Hawaiian culture, guiding navigators during voyages from the southern islands to Hawaii.
The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii, located at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, serves as a hub for education, intertwining astronomy with Hawaiian culture. This center showcases the rich heritage of exploration and knowledge, reflecting how modern scientific endeavors are deeply connected to ancestral wisdom.
As the University of Hawaii continues to advance astronomical technologies such as Robo-AO-2, the opportunities for enhanced observation and understanding of the universe expand. December’s celestial events and the rich cultural narratives associated with them offer both locals and visitors a chance to engage with the night sky in meaningful ways.
